MUHAMMAD HUSSAIN etc. vs STATE
This criminal appeal and criminal revision challenge the judgment of the Additional Sessions Judge, Okara, convicting the appellants under the Pakistan Penal Code for murder and related offences. The core legal questions involve the appreciation of ocular evidence, contradictions between ocular and medical testimony, and the reliability of interested witnesses from another city. The Lahore High Court held that material discrepancies between the ocular account and medical evidence—specifically regarding the nature and location of injuries and the post-mortem findings as to the time of death—along with improvements in motive and the fact that one appellant was found innocent during investigation, rendered the prosecution's case doubtful. Consequently, the court laid down the principle that significant contradictions between medical evidence and ocular testimony, coupled with the absence of credible presence of eye-witnesses at the spot, entitle the accused to the benefit of the doubt, leading to the setting aside of the convictions and sentences.
- Whether material contradictions between ocular testimony and medical evidence regarding the nature and location of injuries are sufficient to discredit eye-witnesses?
- Does a discrepancy between the time of death estimated in the post-mortem report and the prosecution's alleged time of occurrence warrant the grant of benefit of doubt?
- Can a conviction be sustained when eye-witnesses from another city are found not to have been present at the scene of the crime?
- What is the effect on the prosecution case when an accused is declared innocent during police investigation but subsequently convicted by the trial court?
- Section 302-B, Pakistan Penal Code
- Section 34, Pakistan Penal Code
- Section 308(2), Pakistan Penal Code
- Section 342, Code of Criminal Procedure 1898
This judgment will dispose of Criminal Appeal No. 162 of 2003 and Crl. Revision No. 11 of 2004.
Directed against the judgment dated 31.1.2003 passed by the learned Addl. Sessions Judge, Okara, whereby he convicted Muhammad Hussain appellant u/S. 302-B/34 PPC and sentenced him to undergo life imprisonment with fine of Rs. 50,000/- or in default six months S.I. He also convicted Muhammad Iqbal, appellant u/S. 308(2) PPC and sentenced him to undergo 14 years RI with fine of Rs. 50,000/- or in default thereof six months S.I.
2. Brief facts of the instant case as narrated by the complainant in the FIR are that the complainant alongwith his sons Noor Ahmad and Ahmad Ali came to see his daughter Mst. Zubaida Bibi at Doula Chakir Ka whereupon Zubaida Bibi told him, that Muhammad Iqbal has not stopped to tease and beating her. Thereupon they wanted to take her alongwith them. Muhammad Iqbal, his brother Muhammad Hussain and their father was not ready to allow her to go with them. Meanwhile, they were talking into their Baithak. Mst. Zubaida Bibi again said that she will not live with him at any cost because they would kill her. At this Muhammad Iqbal and Muhammad Hussain asked them that some time be given to them for compromise on which they took her into a room and there on her shriek the complainant alongwith his sons came to her room at about 2 p.m. on the day of occurrence where they saw Mst. Zubaida Bibi lying on a cot and Muhammad Hussain Ead caught hold her both arms while Muhammad Iqbal gave repeated three chhurri blows on her left thigh and then gave a churri blow on her neck. Mst. Zubaida Bibi succumbed to the injuries at the spot. The accused fled.away from the spot.
3. After getting information the local police completed all the necessary formalities and thereafter investigation of the case was entrusted to Ghulam Jillani S.I. who alongwith his subordinates proceeded to the spot where he prepared injury statement Ex. P.G, inquest report Ex. P.H. He also took into possession the blood stained earth vide memo Ex. P.C. He arrested Muhammad Iqbal on 7.1.2002 who on 16.1.2002 got recovered blood stained chhurri P.8 which was taken into possession vide memo Ex. P.L. The arrest of Muhammad Hussain accused was not made as he was found innocent during investigation. Ultimately challan was completed and submitted for trial.
4. The prosecution in order to prove its case has produced as many as 10 witnesses including Doctor, I.O., eye-witnesses and other formal and relevant witnesses. After tendering in evidence report of Chemical Examiner regarding chhurri Ex. P.N. and that of Serologist Ex. P.O., report of, Chemical Examiner with regard to blood-stained earth. Ex. P.P and of Serologist, Ex. PQ alongwith report of Chemical Examiner regarding Chhadar and Gadda Ex. P.R and Serologist Ex. P.S., closed the prosecution evidence. Thereafter statements of the accused were recorded u/S. 342 Cr.P.C. in which they pleaded their innocence. Learned trial Court after taking into consideration the every aspect of the case and hearing the arguments advanced by both the parties, convicted and sentenced the appellants as mentioned above. Hence this appeal.
5. Learned counsel for the appellants in support of this appeal submits that it was an unseen occurrence, both the witnesses are residents of Faisalabad while the occurrence had taken place in District Okara and there is a conflict between ocular account and medical evidence, that time of postmortem examination also fits in with the prosecution time of occurrence given in the FIR.
Learned counsel for the appellants lastly submits that Muhammad Hussain appellant was also declared innocent and the appellants are entitled to acquittal.
6. On the other handlearned counsel for the state submits that as far as Muhammad Hussain is concerned, he was rightly found innocent during the investigation. As far as Muhammad Iqbal appellant is concerned, he supports the judgment of the learned trial Court.
7. I have heard the learned counsel for the parties and also have gone through the record available on the file: The occurrence in this case had taken place in village Doula Chakir Ka situated in P.S. Chuchak District Okara. The complainant and the other witnesses are residents of Faisalabad.
According to the prosecution case Muhammad Hussain had held the deceased while Muhammad Iqbal gave three churri blows on the thigh of the deceased lady and then cut her throat. Lady Doctor Nasreen Aslam who conducted the postmortem examination has stated while appearing in trial Court as PW.8 that there is no injury on the thigh of the deceased. There are two injuries caused with sharp edged on chest weapon and one with blunt weapon. The occurrence had taken place on 19.12.2001 at 2 p.m. matter was reported to the police on the same day at 4.30 p.m.
Postmortem was conducted on 20.12.2001 at 9.30 a.m. Doctor had given the duration between postmortem and death as 36' to 48 hours which does not fit in with the prosecution time of occurrence. If we believe the prosecution case that the occurrence had taken place at 2 p.m. on 19.12.2001 and the postmortem was conducted on 20.12.2001 at 9.30 a.m. then duration between death and postmortem examination would be 19 to 20 hours so there is lot of differences between 20 hours and 36 to 48 hours. Muhammad Hussain appellant was also found innocent during the course of investigation. The complainant has also improved the motive before the learned trial Court. In these circumstances, I am of the opinion that the eye witnesses were not present at the spot. In fact after the murder of the deceased they were called from Faisalabad, then the case was registered so while granting, benefit of doubt I accept this appeal and set aside the conviction and sentence awarded to the appellants by the learned trial Court Muhammad Hussain appellant is on bail. He shall be discharged from his bail bonds. Muhammad Iqbal appellant is behind the bars, he is ordered to be released forthwith if he is not required in any other case. The Crl. Revision is dismissed.