JAFFAR AND OTHERS vs THE STATE
This matter concerns a petition for leave to appeal against the refusal of bail by the High Court in a murder case registered under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the Pakistan Penal Code 1860. The petitioners were accused of murdering the deceased over a watercourse dispute, while the first petitioner lodged a counter-report alleging he was attacked by the deceased's party while attempting to impound trespassing cattle. The core legal question was whether the existence of a counter-version and the nature of the injuries sustained by both parties warranted the grant of bail pending trial. The Supreme Court held that the case fell within the scope of further inquiry under Section 497(2) of the Code of Criminal Procedure 1898. The Court reasoned that the presence of injuries on the first petitioner, coupled with the ambiguity regarding which specific blow caused the fatal injury, necessitated a deeper examination of the common intention and the right of self-defense, which could not be summarily dismissed at the bail stage. Consequently, the Court converted the petition into an appeal and granted bail to the petitioners.
- Does the existence of a counter-version in a murder case constitute grounds for further inquiry under Section 497(2) of the Code of Criminal Procedure 1898?
- Should bail be granted when there is ambiguity regarding which accused caused the fatal injury in a case involving multiple participants?
- Is the presence of injuries on an accused in a cross-case relevant to the determination of bail?
- Section 302, Pakistan Penal Code 1860
- Section 34, Pakistan Penal Code 1860
- Section 497(2), Code of Criminal Procedure 1898
ORDER
1. ' MUHAMMAD HALEEM, J.-By a short order we had converted this petition into an appeal and allowed bail to the petitioners. These are the reasons for it.
2. ' A case was registered against the petitioners and Isso Thaim at Police Station Jati under section 302 read with section 34, P. P. C. On 12th of August 1979, for causing the murder of Jummo at noon the same day over the opening of the watercourse. It was alleged that the first petitioner inflicted a hatchet: blow with its sharp side on the arm of the deceased while the other two gave hatchet blows on the other parts of the body. However, the first petitioner lodged a report earlier at 2-30 p.m. The same day in which he gave a counter version to the effect that he saw six cattle heads of the deceased jummo grazing in his field whereupon he rounded them for being taken to the cattle- pound and on the way he was accosted by Jummo, Muhammad Sid diq and Pooro, who, in their attempt to rescue the cattle, caused hatchet and lathi blows to him and thus they succeed in rescuing the cattle. In regard to the dispute proceedings for keeping peace were pending between the parties.
3. ' The deceased had five injuries out of which one was incised wound on his left forearm and the others were an abrasion, a bruise and a swelling. According to the doctor, the swelling on the back of the neck was caused by a blunt weapon which resulted in his death. The first petitioner had also three injuries with a blunt weapon which were simple in nature.
4. ' The petitioners and Isso applied for bail in the Court of Session but the prayer was refused on the ground that at that stage the counter version could not be considered; and if the plea was of right of self defence that too could only be determined at the trial. The prayer for bail was repeated in the High Court. Only Isso was granted bail as the Assistant Advocate-General conceded that he was only attributed the role of lalkara, and as regards the others, they were prima facie held to be responsible for causing the death of jummo.
5. ' In seeking leave to appeal the learned counsel for the petitioners contended that the first petitioner had also received injuries in the fight and while refusing bail to the petitioners, the High Court did not give due consideration to the counter version. It was next contended that from the available material it could not be said as to who caused the fats injury which left room for consideration as to the common intention of the others to kill the deceased and, therefore, it was a case of further inquiry under section 497(2), Cr. P. C. The learned Additional Advocate-General appeared to oppose the bail but after examining the material we were of the view that it was case of further inquiry. Accordingly we converted the petition into an appeal and allowed bail to the petitioners.
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