HAZARO and 9 others vs THE STATE and another
This criminal application under section 561-A of the Code of Criminal Procedure 1898 challenged an order passed by a Judicial Magistrate whereby a police report under section 173 of the Code of Criminal Procedure 1898 recommending disposal of a case in C-Class (or B-Class) was not accepted and the Investigating Officer was directed to submit a charge-sheet. The core legal question was whether a Magistrate is bound to accept the final report submitted by the Investigating Officer under section 173 of the Code of Criminal Procedure 1898 or if the Magistrate has the power to take cognizance and direct submission of a charge-sheet based on the evidence collected. The Sindh High Court held that a Magistrate is not bound by the opinion of the Investigating Officer, possesses full powers to examine and appraise the evidence, and can lawfully refuse to accept a disposal report and direct the submission of a challan if the material warrants taking cognizance. The key principle laid down is that the assessment of witness credibility and the decision to take cognizance are the exclusive prerogatives of the court, not the investigating officer.
- Is a Magistrate bound to accept the opinion of an Investigating Officer in a report submitted under section 173 of the Code of Criminal Procedure 1898?
- Does a Magistrate have the power to appraise evidence collected during investigation and direct the submission of a charge-sheet contrary to the police report?
- Is an Investigating Officer competent to determine whether prosecution witnesses are interested witnesses for the purpose of disposing of a case?
- Section 561-A, Code of Criminal Procedure 1898
- Section 173, Code of Criminal Procedure 1898
- Section 395, Pakistan Penal Code 1860
- Section 22-A, Code of Criminal Procedure 1898
- Section 22-B, Code of Criminal Procedure 1898
ORDER
1. ' ARSHAD NOOR KHAN, J.--- By this application under section 561-A, Cr.P.C. The applicants have challenged the order dated 13th December, 2008 passed by the learned Judicial Magistrate-I Ghotki, whereby the report under section 173, Cr.P.C. Submitted by the Investigating Officer in Crime No,20 of 2008 under section 395, P.P.C. Of Police Station Katcho Bindi ws not accepted and he was directed to submit charge-sheet within 15 days.
2. ' The case of the prosecution in brief is that on 15th June, 2008, the complainant along with P.W.
3. Abdul Karim and P.W. Qadir Bux was taking the tattles for grazing in Block No,6 Banghwar Wari Mor, where the present applicants duly armed with Klashnikovs and fire-arm weapon intercepted him and snatched six buffaloes and two calves of the buffaloes as well as the cow etc. The complainant tried to lodge the F.I.R. But did not succeed, therefore, he approached to the learned Sessions Judge under sections 22-A and 22-B, Cr.P.C. Whereupon the learned Sessions Judge directed the.
4. S.H.O. To record the statement of the complainant and in case the cognizable offence is made out, the F.I.R. May be registered. The F.I.R. Was thereafter registered and after investigation A the Investigating Officer submitted report under section 173, Cr.P.C. For disposal o the F.I.R. In C-Class but the learned Magistrate did not concur with the opinion of the Investigating Officer and directed him to submit the challan within 15 days hence the present application.
5. ' I have heard Mr. Ghulam Sarwar Korai Advocate for the applicants and Mr. Ali Haider Dareshani Advocate for the State.
6. ' The learned counsel for the applicant vehemently contended that during the course of investigation no material was collected to implicate the applicants in the present crime, therefore, the Investigating Officer was competent to submit report for disposal of the case in B-Class and according to him the learned Magistrate committed an error of law while refusing to accept the report of the Investigating Officer and directing him to submit the charge-sheet, as such the order passed by the Magistrate may be set aside and the report of the Investigating Officer may be accepted whereby the case may be disposed off in B-Class.
7. ' Mr. Ali Haider Dareshani learned counsel for the State vehemently refuted the arguments advanced on behalf of the applicants and has contended that the evidence of P.W. Abdul Karim and P.W. Qadir Bux has fully supported the evidence of the complainant and the Investigating Officer taken into consideration only the version of the defence witnesses which is not the spirit of law and non-suited the complainant at this stage of the proceedings. While defusing the arguments advanced by the learned State counsel, the learned counsel for the applicants further contended that no recovery of weapon has been made during the course of investigation which may be considered as additional ground in support of disposal of case in B-Class.
8. ' I have considered the arguments advanced on behalf of the parties and have gone through the material available before me.
9. ' There could be no cavil to the proposition that the report under section 173, Cr.P.C. Must be submitted before the concerned Magistrate and the Magistrate has all the powers to examine the report under section 173, Cr.P.C. And for the said purpose he may appraise the whole evidence collected by the Investigating Officer during the course of investigation and, in case, if from the appraisal of the evidence the Magistrate comes to contrary view than the view expressed in the report under section 173, Cr.P.C., the Magistrate is not obliged to accept the report submitted by the Investigating Officer and on the basis of such material brought before him the Magistrate may pass appropriate order under the circumstances of the case. In the present case while examining the report under section 173, Cr.P.C. The learned Magistrate came to the conclusion that the case does not warrant its disposal in C-Class and there was some evidence which persuaded to the Magistrate to take the cognizance of the matter. The Investigating Officer has simply non-suited the complainant on the ground that the witnesses of the complainant are interested witnesses but the Investigating Officer is not competent to express such opinion in support of disposal of case in C-Class. It the prerogative of the Court to determine to whether the witnesses were interested witnesses or their testimony is liable to be considered under the circumstances of the case. The said opinion of the Investigating Officer that the witnesses produced by the complainant were interested witnesses supports the arguments advanced by the learned State counsel to effect that the Investigating Officer taken into consideration the version of the defence witnesses and has not submitted the report independently and honestly. From the discussion of the aforesaid legal proposition I am of the opinion that the learned Magistrate did not commit any illegality or irregularity while dismissing the view of the Investigating Officer for disposal of the matter in B- Class and rightly directed him to submit the challan. It is pertinent to note that despite the direction of the learned Magistrate the Investigating Officer did not submit challan so far. It is incumbent upon the Magistrate to take appropriate legal action against the Investigating Officer for his default in non-compliance of the direction.
10. ' With the aforesaid observation do not find any merit in the present application which is hereby dismissed in limine along with the listed application.