Bakht Munir vs The State and another
This criminal appeal arose from the appellant's conviction under Section 302(b) of the Pakistan Penal Code 1860, where he was sentenced to death on two counts, alongside convictions under Sections 324 and 337-F(ii) of the same Code. The appellant did not contest his conviction but sought a reduction in the quantum of his sentence. The core legal question was whether the circumstances of the offense justified mitigating the death penalty to life imprisonment. The Supreme Court of Pakistan observed that the occurrence took place due to a trivial verbal altercation over a small bridge, without any previous enmity or premeditation. The Court held that because the incident occurred at the spur of the moment without premeditation, mitigating circumstances existed. Consequently, the Supreme Court partly allowed the appeal, maintaining the convictions but converting the appellant's death sentences on two counts into imprisonment for life, while keeping the other sentences and the benefit of Section 382-B of the Code of Criminal Procedure 1898 intact.
- Can a death sentence under Section 302(b) of the Pakistan Penal Code 1860 be converted to life imprisonment if the offense was committed without premeditation and at the spur of the moment?
- Does a trivial verbal altercation immediately preceding an incident constitute a mitigating circumstance for the reduction of a death sentence?
- Whether the absence of previous enmity between the parties can be considered as a factor in reducing the quantum of sentence from death to life imprisonment?
- Section 302(b), Pakistan Penal Code 1860
- Section 324, Pakistan Penal Code 1860
- Section 337-F(ii), Pakistan Penal Code 1860
- Section 382-B, Code of Criminal Procedure 1898
ORDER
MANZOOR AHMAD MALIK, J.---After a regular trial, the appellant was convicted by the trial court under section 302(b), P.P.C. and sentenced to death on two counts, besides being convicted under section 324, P.P.C. and sentenced to 05 years' RI on four counts. He was further convicted under section 337-F(ii), P.P.C. and sentenced to one year's RI on two counts with direction to pay Daman of Rs. 50,000/-to each injured. He was also directed to pay compensation(s) to legal heirs of deceased as well as injured PWs and in default to undergo simple imprisonment(s), as is reflected from the impugned judgment, Benefit of section 382-B, Code of Criminal Procedure was extended to him. The sentences of imprisonment were ordered to run concurrently . After dismissal of his appeal by the learned appellate court, the appellant filed a criminal petition, wherein leave was granted by this Court on 28.09.2017. Hence, the instant criminal appeal.
2. At the very outset, learned counsel for the appellant states that appellant does not want to press his conviction and only prays for reduction in the quant um of his sentence as in the circumstanc es of the case, the sentence of death is rather harsh.
3. After hearing the learned counsel for the appellant and learned Additional Advocate General, KPK, it has been observed by us that notwithstanding the fact that prosecution has proved its case against the appellant beyond reasonable doubt and the findings of guilt rendered by the learned courts below against the appellant are not open to exception, there are circumstances in this case which go in favour of prayer made by the appellant qua reduction in the quantum of his sentence from death to imprisonment for life. In the FIR itself, it is the case of the complainant that the occurrence in issue had taken place on account of a trivial verbal altercation between the parties. In his examination in chief as well, the complainant Ali Rehman (PW5) reiterated the same. In his cross-examination he explained the cause of occurrence as under:- ".The verbal altercation took place betwee n me and the accused facing trial at the time of incident. The altercation took place over a small bridge...."
4. It is crystal clear that there was no previous enmity between the parties. The circumstances of the case unequivocally suggest that the occurrence had taken place at the spur of the moment without any premeditation on the part of the appellant.
5. For the foregoing, the instant criminal appeal is partly allowed. The conviction of the appellant under section 302(b), P.P.C. is upheld and the sentence of death of appellant on two counts is converted into imprisonment for life on two counts. The convictions and sentences of appellant on other penal heads are maintained. The amounts of compensation and sentences in default thereof are also not disturbed. Benefit of section 382-B, Code of Criminal Procedure is extended to the appellant. All his sentences of imprisonment shall run concurrently .
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