SALEHON and others vs Mst. SARDARAN through Legal Heirs and others
The petitioners sought leave to appeal against the judgment and decree of the Lahore High Court dismissing their Regular Second Appeal, which had affirmed the lower courts' dismissal of their declaratory suit. The petitioners claimed a 3/8 share in the estate of Mst. Sardaran and Shihan as collaterals. The core legal questions were whether the suit was barred by the principle of res judicata and whether the promulgation of the Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act, 1962, provided a fresh cause of action. The Supreme Court held that the lower courts rightly applied the principle of res judicata, as a previous suit filed in 1954 regarding the same land had already attained finality, wherein the land was found to be non-ancestral and the plaintiffs failed to prove they were collaterals. The Court laid down that a prior final adjudication regarding collateral status and the nature of the property operates as res judicata, and the termination of limited estates under customary law by subsequent legislation does not revive already adjudicated and finalized claims where collateral status was not established. The petition for leave to appeal was accordingly refused.
- Does the termination of limited estates under Customary Law by the Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act, 1962, provide a fresh cause of action to plaintiffs whose previous suit regarding collateral status was dismissed on merits?
- Whether a previous finding that plaintiffs are not proved to be collaterals operates as res judicata in a subsequent suit for declaration of inheritance?
- Can a party claim inheritance as a collateral when findings in a prior final judgment establish that they are not near collaterals of the deceased?
- Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act, 1962
ORDER
1. ' MANZOOR HUSSAIN SIAL, J.---The petitioners seek leave to appeal from judgment and decree dated 7-7-1992, passed by the Lahore High Court, dismissing R.S.A. No, 551/1967, filed by the petitioners.
2. ' The petitioners on 9-6-1965, instituted suit for declaration that they being collaterals of Mst.
3. Sardaran and Shihan are entitled to inherit 3/8 share of their estate as heirs. The learned trial Judge on 7-7-1966, dismissed the suit holding that the suit was hit by the principle of res judicata as previously the petitioners except Mst. Fazalan had instituted a suit on 15-12-1954, in respect of the same land, which was dismissed on 30-7-1956, by the learned Senior Civil Judge, Sargodha, holding that the plaintiffs in the suit were not proved to be collaterals of Mst. Sardaran and Shihan.
4. The judgment and decree passed by the learned Civil Judge, on 7-7-1966, was maintained in appeal on 7-2-1967, before the first appellate Court. The Regular Second Appeal, was also dismissed vide impugned judgment passed by the Lahore High Court. Hence this petition.
5. ' In support of this petition, learned counsel for petitioners contended that the principle of res judicata was not attracted in the circumstances of the instant case, because the promulgation of Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act, 1962, whereby the limited estates under the Customary Law were terminated gave fresh cause of action to the petitioners.
6. ' The next contention advanced by learned counsel for petitioner was that the learned lower Courts were wrong to hold that Mst. Sardaran was absolute owner of the land. It was submitted that Mst.
7. Sardaran was limited owner, and on her remarriage, her limited interests under Customary Law stood terminated, the petitioners inherited the estate as her collaterals We have considered both the abovementioned contentions but find no merit in them. In the previous suit the land in question was proved to be non-ancestral. Mst. Sardaran was declared absolute owner thereof and that finding attained finality. Similarly Salehon, Rehma plaintiffs could not prove themselves to be near collaterals of Mst. Sardaran and Shihan. Admittedly they were brothers of Mst. Fazalan, therefore, like them she could not inherit the estate left by Mst. Sardaran as her collateral. The appreciation of evidence undertaken by the learned Judge in the High Court and the conclusion reached by him that the principle of res judicata applied in the circumstances of the instant case are unexceptionable.
8. ' In our view, the petitioners failed to make out a case warranting interference in the unanimous findings of the Courts below holding that the petitioners are not collaterals of Mst. Sardaran and Shihan as also that the suit was hit by the principle of res judicata. This petition is without merit and leave to appeal is, therefore, refused.
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