Pakistan Case Law
1996 SCMR 960

MUHAMMAD HAFEEZ vs THE STATE

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Citation1996 SCMR 960
CourtSupreme Court of Pakistan
Case No.Criminal Petition for Leave to Appeal No, 176/L of 1994
Date1994-05-28
Judge(s)Muhammad Rafiq Tarar and Saiduzzaman Siddiqui
ResultLeave refused
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This petition for leave to appeal arises from an order of the Lahore High Court declining post-arrest bail to the petitioner in a murder case. The core legal question was whether the petitioner was entitled to bail given that he was not initially named in the F.I.R., the injury was inflicted on a non-vital part of the body, and the death occurred due to tetanus complications rather than the direct impact of the gunshot. The Supreme Court dismissed the petition, holding that the petitioner's identity was sufficiently established by eye-witness statements recorded under Section 161 of the Code of Criminal Procedure 1898, which corroborated the prosecution's case despite the initial misnaming in the F.I.R. Furthermore, the Court found no evidence to suggest that the tetanus infection resulted from medical negligence rather than the gunshot injury itself. The key principle laid down is that where eye-witnesses consistently identify an accused during investigation, the initial omission or misidentification in the F.I.R. does not automatically entitle the accused to bail, particularly when the causal link between the injury and death remains a matter for trial.

Questions settled in this judgment
  • Does the misnaming of an accused in the F.I.R. automatically entitle them to bail when eye-witnesses have identified them during investigation?
  • Is a death caused by tetanus resulting from a gunshot wound considered a direct result of the injury for the purpose of bail?
  • Can a bail petition be granted on the grounds of medical negligence without evidence on the record to support such a claim?
Laws & provisions referred
  • Section 161, Code of Criminal Procedure 1898
post-arrest bailmurderF.I.R. misidentificationcausation of deathmedical negligencefurther inquiryeye-witness testimony

' MUHAMMAD RAFIQ TARAR, J.---Muhammad Hafeez petitioner seeks leave to appeal from the order of a learned Single Judge of the Lahore High Court dated 30-4-1994 whereby he was declined bail in a murder case.

2. In an occurrence which took place on 22-8-1993 at 6.30 a.m. Muhammad Akram deceased suffered a fire-arm injury on his left shin at the hands of the petitioner. He was admitted firstly in D.H.Q. Hospital, Gujranwala where he was operated upon. Subsequently the wound developed tetanus and he was removed to Mayo Hospital Lahore on 5-9-1993 where he expired on 14-9-1993.

3. Learned counsel for the petitioner contends that the petitioner was not named in the F.I.R. And instead one Haji Karkhanawala was named as the person who fired at the deceased, the injury was on the non-vital part of the body and death was not the direct result of the same, therefore, the case of the petitioner needs further inquiry and he is entitled to concession of bail.

4. The above submissions were also before the High' Court but were repelled for good and sufficient reasons.

5. In the F.I.R. The petitioner was mentioned as Haji Karkhanawala but the other two eye-witnesses namely Mushtaq and Inayat in their statements under section 161 of the Cr.P.C. Recorded on the same day mentioned his name and particulars. There is nothing on the record to show that Haji Karkanawala was different person than the petitioner or that tetanus was not the result of injury but had developed due to negligence of the doctors who treated the deceased. In the circumstances we do not feel inclined to interfere with the well-reasoned order of the High Court. The petition is dismissed and .

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