Mst. ZAITOON BIBI vs DILAWAR MUHAMMAD through Legal Heirs
This matter involved a petition for leave to appeal against a Lahore High Court order dismissing a civil revision and writ petition, which arose from a suit for specific performance. The core legal question was whether an appellate court, when affirming the findings of a trial court, is statutorily obligated to discuss each issue separately and record distinct findings with detailed evidence discussion. The Supreme Court dismissed the petition, holding that the appellate court had substantially discussed the relevant issues and recorded valid reasons for concurring with the trial court's findings. The Court clarified that an appellate court is not under a statutory duty to discuss each issue separately and record findings separately, provided the evidence is essentially discussed and findings recorded. It further held that deciding some issues together does not amount to a violation of law, particularly if no prejudice or gross miscarriage of justice has been occasioned to any party. The real test is whether a party has been prejudiced.
- Is an appellate court, when affirming trial court findings, statutorily required to discuss each issue separately and record separate findings with individual evidence discussions?
- Does an appellate court's decision to discuss and decide some issues together, rather than separately, constitute a violation of law?
- What is the primary consideration for an appellate court when evaluating the sufficiency of its own discussion of issues and evidence?
- Can the Supreme Court interfere with concurrent findings of fact by lower courts in the exercise of its Constitutional jurisdiction?
- Code of Civil Procedure 1908
' RANA BHAGWANDAS, J.---Petitioner seeks leave to appeal against Lahore High Court order dated 14-10-1999 recorded in Civil Revision No,1599 of 1999 and Writ Petition No,19306 of 1999, involving common question of law and fact.
2. Petitioner filed a suit for specific performance against the respondents, which was dismissed by Civil Judge, Gujrat vide judgment and decree dated 23-4-1991. Her appeal against the judgment and decree was dismissed by Additional District Judge, Gujrat vide judgment and decree dated 17- 6-1993. Her Civil Revision No,1069 of 1993 was, however, accepted and the case was remanded to the Appellate Court vide order dated 5-4-1999 for decision afresh. In post remand proceedings, Appellate Court vide judgment and decree dated 27-9-1999 dismissed the appeal. Civil revision against the said judgment and decree has been dismissed, hence this petition.
3. Learned counsel for the petitioner vehemently agitated that the Additional District Judge, while discussing Issues Nos.2 to 7 did not record separate findings on each of the issues and has not discussed the evidence, as required by provisions of C.P.C.
4. We have gone through the impugned judgment of the Appellate Court and noticed that the Appellate Court has substantially discussed Issue No,1 at length and recorded valid and sound reasons for concurring with the findings of fact recorded by the trial Court on other issues as well.
He has firmly held that the findings recorded by the trial Court do not suffer from any misreading or non-reading of evidence and that thesame do not suffer from any error Of law. We do not agree with the learned counsel when he states that learned Additional District Judge was under statutory duty to discuss each issue separately and record findings separately discussing evidence thereon.
We are of the view that in case the Appellate Court decides to affirm the findings of the trial Court, it would be sufficient compliance with the provisions of law if the evidence is essentially discussed and findings recorded. At any rate it would not amount to violation of law, if some issues are discussed and decided together. Real question for deciding an appeal should be whether a party has been prejudiced and there has been gross miscarriage of justice, which does not appear to have been occasioned in the case in hand. Reference may be had to Roshi v. Fateh 1982 SCM R 542 and Samiul Haq v. Maqbool Hussain Butt 2001 SCM R 1053. Petitioner's case was re-examined at the revisional stage by a learned Judge in Chambers of the Lahore High Court, who has also concurred with the findings of fact recorded by two Courts below for cogent reasons, which do not warrant any interference by this Court in the exercise of Constitutional jurisdiction.
5. On a careful assessm ent of the record and the impugned judgments, we are of the view that no substantial question of law of public importance has been raised in these petitions, which are without any merit and are hereby dismissed. Leave to appeal is, thus, refused.
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