Pakistan Case Law
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1995 SCMR 849
[Supreme Court of Pakistan]

Mst. TABASSAM BEGUM Versus MUHAMMAD ARSHAD alias BOOB and others

Criminal Petition No, 284-L of 1993, decided on 16th January, 1994.
Authored by Saleem Akhtar. Result: Leave granted.
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Summary

The petitioner sought leave to appeal against the judgment of the High Court whereby the respondents were acquitted of the charge of murdering Sardar Khan, after the trial court had initially convicted them under section 302/34 of the Pakistan Penal Code 1860. The core legal question before the Supreme Court was whether the High Court's rejection of the eye-witness testimony and subsequent acquittal was based on proper judicial reasoning or surmises and presumptions. The Supreme Court held that the case required a thorough appraisal of the evidence for the proper and safe administration of justice, finding that the High Court's disbelieving of the eye-witnesses—including a son-in-law with no apparent enmity—warranted a re-examination. Consequently, the Court granted leave to appeal and issued non-bailable warrants for the arrest of the respondents, establishing the principle that ocular accounts from related witnesses cannot be discarded on generalized presumptions without cogent reasons.

Questions settled in this judgment
  • Whether the High Court can discard the testimony of related eye-witnesses based on surmises and presumptions?
  • Does a case involving the reversal of a murder conviction warrant the grant of leave to appeal for reappraisal of evidence?
  • Can non-bailable warrants of arrest be issued upon the grant of leave to appeal in a criminal matter?
leave to appealacquittalmurdereye-witness testimonyappraisal of evidencecriminal appeal

ORDER

SALEEM AKHTAR, J.---The petitioner seeks leave to appeal against the judgment of the learned Judge of the High Court whereby the respondents were acquitted of the charge of murder of Sardar Khan. Respondent No, 1 was convicted under section 302/34, P.P.C. And sentenced to death with fine of Rs,20,000 or in default of payment of fine to undergo R.I. For two years while respondent No, 2 was sentenced to imprisonment for life and fine of Rs,29,000 or in default to undergo R.I. For two years.

2.Briefly the facts as stated in the F.I.R. Are that on the night between 4/5-6-1983 Mst. Tabassam Begum was sleeping with her family members on the roof of her house. Her husband Sardar Khan deceased was sleeping in the courtyard. In the Haveli adjacent to their house her son-in-law Muhammad Anwar and Muhammad Hussain, nephew of Sardar Khan were sleeping. At about midnight on ringing of the bell Mst. Tabassam Begum, the informant/petitioner and her husband Sardar Khan got up. Sardar Khan went towards the gate of the Haveli while the petitioner was watching from the roof of her house. She saw Ashfaq, her step-son standing there with his friend Arshad. Ashfaq asked Muhammad Arshad to fire who did so with his rifle hitting Sardar Khan on his chest and back. The fire shots attracted Muhammad Anwar and Muhammad Hussain, who tried to apprehend the assailants, but they threatened with dire consequence and ran away. It was stated that the incident was witnessed by her (Mst. Tabassam Begum), her step-daughter Mst. Bashiran Bibi, Muhammad Anwar and Muhammad Hussain. Sardar Khan expired while he was being taken to the hospital. The learned trial Court convicted both the respondents as stated above, but the learned Judges of the High Court holding that the eye-witnesses were related to each other and the statement was contradictory, acquitted the respondents.

3.Mr. Talib H. Rizvi, learned counsel for the petitioner contended that the observation in the impugned judgment disbelieving the eye-witnesses is based on surmises and presumptions and without any cogent reason. The learned counsel pointed out that one of the eye-witnesses was son-in-law of the deceased, who had no enmity with any of the parties. In our view the case requires appraisal of the evidence for proper and safe administration of justice. Leave is granted. Issue non-bailable warrants for arrest of the respondents.

Judges on this bench

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